Dubai or Rio de Janeiro: which climate?
Dubai (United Arab Emirates) has a hot desert climate, whereas Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) has a tropical monsoon climate, according to the Köppen-Geiger classification.
The values compared here are normals computed over 86 complete calendar years, from 1940 to 2025, using ERA5 reanalysis data from the Copernicus programme. The same method and the same period apply to Dubai and to Rio de Janeiro.
Dubai is warmer than Rio de Janeiro by 4.0 °C in annual average: 27.4 °C against 23.4 °C.
Rio de Janeiro gets more rain than Dubai: 1,270 mm per year against 76 mm.
Dubai gets 11.3 hours of sunshine per day on average, against 9.6 hours in Rio de Janeiro.
Dubai has warmed by +2.5 °C between 1940 and 2025, against +1.5 °C in Rio de Janeiro. Dubai is therefore warming faster than Rio de Janeiro. Both trends are statistically significant.
Dubai averages 241 hot days (≥ 30 °C) and 0 frost days per year; Rio de Janeiro averages 57 and 0.
Data from ERA5 reanalysis (Copernicus Climate Change Service), redistributed under a CC-BY 4.0 licence. Normals are recomputed whenever the archive is updated.
| Indicator | Dubai | Rio de Janeiro | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean daily temperature | 27.4 °C | 23.4 °C | -4.0 °C |
| Average daily high | 33.7 °C | 26.5 °C | -7.2 °C |
| Average daily low | 21.7 °C | 20.9 °C | -0.8 °C |
| Annual rainfall | 76 mm | 1,270 mm | +1,194 mm |
| Sunshine / day | 11.3 h | 9.6 h | -1.7 h |
| Hot days (≥ 30 °C) | 241 d/yr | 57 d/yr | -184 d/yr |
| Frost days (< 0 °C) | 0 d/yr | 0 d/yr | negligible |
| Rainy days (≥ 1 mm) | 11 d/yr | 157 d/yr | +146 d/yr |
| Mean relative humidity | 56 % | 81 % | +25 % |
| Average peak wind | 21.8 km/h | 16.9 km/h | -4.9 km/h |
A difference is only reported when it exceeds the resolution of the data. ERA5 is a reanalysis on a grid of about 31 km: two nearby cities often fall in the same cell, and below half a degree you are reading the grid, not the climate.