Dublin or Toulouse: which climate?
Dublin (Ireland) has a temperate oceanic climate, whereas Toulouse (France) has a temperate oceanic climate, according to the Köppen-Geiger classification.
The values compared here are normals computed over 86 complete calendar years, from 1940 to 2025, using ERA5 reanalysis data from the Copernicus programme. The same method and the same period apply to Dublin and to Toulouse.
Toulouse is warmer than Dublin by 3.8 °C in annual average: 13.3 °C against 9.5 °C.
Dublin and Toulouse receive comparable annual rainfall, on the order of 829 mm.
Toulouse gets 8.8 hours of sunshine per day on average, against 7.8 hours in Dublin.
Toulouse has warmed by +2.0 °C between 1940 and 2025, against +0.8 °C in Dublin. Toulouse is therefore warming faster than Dublin. Both trends are statistically significant.
Dublin averages 0 hot days (≥ 30 °C) and 17 frost days per year; Toulouse averages 22 and 27.
Data from ERA5 reanalysis (Copernicus Climate Change Service), redistributed under a CC-BY 4.0 licence. Normals are recomputed whenever the archive is updated.
| Indicator | Dublin | Toulouse | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean daily temperature | 9.5 °C | 13.3 °C | +3.8 °C |
| Average daily high | 12.1 °C | 17.9 °C | +5.8 °C |
| Average daily low | 7.0 °C | 9.3 °C | +2.3 °C |
| Annual rainfall | 829 mm | 782 mm | negligible |
| Sunshine / day | 7.8 h | 8.8 h | +1.0 h |
| Hot days (≥ 30 °C) | 0 d/yr | 22 d/yr | +22 d/yr |
| Frost days (< 0 °C) | 17 d/yr | 27 d/yr | +10 d/yr |
| Rainy days (≥ 1 mm) | 159 d/yr | 126 d/yr | -33 d/yr |
| Mean relative humidity | 83 % | 75 % | -8 % |
| Average peak wind | 22.5 km/h | 18.1 km/h | -4.4 km/h |
A difference is only reported when it exceeds the resolution of the data. ERA5 is a reanalysis on a grid of about 31 km: two nearby cities often fall in the same cell, and below half a degree you are reading the grid, not the climate.