Istanbul or Lisbon: which climate?
Istanbul (Republic of Türkiye) has a hot-summer mediterranean climate, whereas Lisbon (Portugal) has a warm-summer mediterranean climate, according to the Köppen-Geiger classification.
The values compared here are normals computed over 86 complete calendar years, from 1940 to 2025, using ERA5 reanalysis data from the Copernicus programme. The same method and the same period apply to Istanbul and to Lisbon.
Lisbon is warmer than Istanbul by 1.5 °C in annual average: 16.0 °C against 14.5 °C.
Istanbul gets more rain than Lisbon: 697 mm per year against 586 mm.
Lisbon gets 10.5 hours of sunshine per day on average, against 9.5 hours in Istanbul.
Istanbul has warmed by +1.6 °C between 1940 and 2025, against +0.8 °C in Lisbon. Istanbul is therefore warming faster than Lisbon. Both trends are statistically significant.
Istanbul averages 3 hot days (≥ 30 °C) and 5 frost days per year; Lisbon averages 2 and 0.
Data from ERA5 reanalysis (Copernicus Climate Change Service), redistributed under a CC-BY 4.0 licence. Normals are recomputed whenever the archive is updated.
| Indicator | Istanbul | Lisbon | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean daily temperature | 14.5 °C | 16.0 °C | +1.5 °C |
| Average daily high | 16.8 °C | 18.6 °C | +1.8 °C |
| Average daily low | 12.5 °C | 13.7 °C | +1.2 °C |
| Annual rainfall | 697 mm | 586 mm | -111 mm |
| Sunshine / day | 9.5 h | 10.5 h | +1.0 h |
| Hot days (≥ 30 °C) | 3 d/yr | 2 d/yr | negligible |
| Frost days (< 0 °C) | 5 d/yr | 0 d/yr | -5 d/yr |
| Rainy days (≥ 1 mm) | 105 d/yr | 82 d/yr | -23 d/yr |
| Mean relative humidity | 76 % | 78 % | negligible |
| Average peak wind | 21.4 km/h | 23.3 km/h | negligible |
A difference is only reported when it exceeds the resolution of the data. ERA5 is a reanalysis on a grid of about 31 km: two nearby cities often fall in the same cell, and below half a degree you are reading the grid, not the climate.