Montreal or Toulouse: which climate?
Montreal (Canada) has a warm-summer humid continental climate, whereas Toulouse (France) has a temperate oceanic climate, according to the Köppen-Geiger classification.
The values compared here are normals computed over 86 complete calendar years, from 1940 to 2025, using ERA5 reanalysis data from the Copernicus programme. The same method and the same period apply to Montreal and to Toulouse.
Toulouse is warmer than Montreal by 6.6 °C in annual average: 13.3 °C against 6.7 °C.
Montreal gets more rain than Toulouse: 1,081 mm per year against 782 mm.
Toulouse gets 8.8 hours of sunshine per day on average, against 8.5 hours in Montreal.
Montreal and Toulouse are warming at the same rate: about +1.7 °C between 1940 and 2025 on both sides.
Montreal averages 9 hot days (≥ 30 °C) and 146 frost days per year; Toulouse averages 22 and 27.
Data from ERA5 reanalysis (Copernicus Climate Change Service), redistributed under a CC-BY 4.0 licence. Normals are recomputed whenever the archive is updated.
| Indicator | Montreal | Toulouse | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean daily temperature | 6.7 °C | 13.3 °C | +6.6 °C |
| Average daily high | 11.2 °C | 17.9 °C | +6.7 °C |
| Average daily low | 2.1 °C | 9.3 °C | +7.2 °C |
| Annual rainfall | 1,081 mm | 782 mm | -299 mm |
| Sunshine / day | 8.5 h | 8.8 h | +0.3 h |
| Hot days (≥ 30 °C) | 9 d/yr | 22 d/yr | +13 d/yr |
| Frost days (< 0 °C) | 146 d/yr | 27 d/yr | -119 d/yr |
| Rainy days (≥ 1 mm) | 138 d/yr | 126 d/yr | -12 d/yr |
| Mean relative humidity | 72 % | 75 % | +3 % |
| Average peak wind | 18.7 km/h | 18.1 km/h | negligible |
A difference is only reported when it exceeds the resolution of the data. ERA5 is a reanalysis on a grid of about 31 km: two nearby cities often fall in the same cell, and below half a degree you are reading the grid, not the climate.