Rio de Janeiro or Toronto: which climate?
Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) has a tropical monsoon climate, whereas Toronto (Canada) has a warm-summer humid continental climate, according to the Köppen-Geiger classification.
The values compared here are normals computed over 86 complete calendar years, from 1940 to 2025, using ERA5 reanalysis data from the Copernicus programme. The same method and the same period apply to Rio de Janeiro and to Toronto.
Rio de Janeiro is warmer than Toronto by 15.4 °C in annual average: 23.4 °C against 8.0 °C.
Rio de Janeiro gets more rain than Toronto: 1,270 mm per year against 798 mm.
Rio de Janeiro gets 9.6 hours of sunshine per day on average, against 8.7 hours in Toronto.
Rio de Janeiro and Toronto are warming at the same rate: about +1.5 °C between 1940 and 2025 on both sides.
Rio de Janeiro averages 57 hot days (≥ 30 °C) and 0 frost days per year; Toronto averages 10 and 131.
Data from ERA5 reanalysis (Copernicus Climate Change Service), redistributed under a CC-BY 4.0 licence. Normals are recomputed whenever the archive is updated.
| Indicator | Rio de Janeiro | Toronto | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean daily temperature | 23.4 °C | 8.0 °C | -15.4 °C |
| Average daily high | 26.5 °C | 12.4 °C | -14.1 °C |
| Average daily low | 20.9 °C | 3.6 °C | -17.3 °C |
| Annual rainfall | 1,270 mm | 798 mm | -472 mm |
| Sunshine / day | 9.6 h | 8.7 h | -0.9 h |
| Hot days (≥ 30 °C) | 57 d/yr | 10 d/yr | -47 d/yr |
| Frost days (< 0 °C) | 0 d/yr | 131 d/yr | +131 d/yr |
| Rainy days (≥ 1 mm) | 157 d/yr | 118 d/yr | -39 d/yr |
| Mean relative humidity | 81 % | 72 % | -9 % |
| Average peak wind | 16.9 km/h | 19.9 km/h | +3.0 km/h |
A difference is only reported when it exceeds the resolution of the data. ERA5 is a reanalysis on a grid of about 31 km: two nearby cities often fall in the same cell, and below half a degree you are reading the grid, not the climate.