Stockholm or Toulouse: which climate?
Stockholm (Sweden) has a warm-summer humid continental climate, whereas Toulouse (France) has a temperate oceanic climate, according to the Köppen-Geiger classification.
The values compared here are normals computed over 86 complete calendar years, from 1940 to 2025, using ERA5 reanalysis data from the Copernicus programme. The same method and the same period apply to Stockholm and to Toulouse.
Toulouse is warmer than Stockholm by 6.9 °C in annual average: 13.3 °C against 6.4 °C.
Toulouse gets more rain than Stockholm: 782 mm per year against 562 mm.
Toulouse gets 8.8 hours of sunshine per day on average, against 7.8 hours in Stockholm.
Stockholm and Toulouse are warming at the same rate: about +1.9 °C between 1940 and 2025 on both sides.
Stockholm averages 0 hot days (≥ 30 °C) and 118 frost days per year; Toulouse averages 22 and 27.
Data from ERA5 reanalysis (Copernicus Climate Change Service), redistributed under a CC-BY 4.0 licence. Normals are recomputed whenever the archive is updated.
| Indicator | Stockholm | Toulouse | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean daily temperature | 6.4 °C | 13.3 °C | +6.9 °C |
| Average daily high | 9.3 °C | 17.9 °C | +8.6 °C |
| Average daily low | 3.5 °C | 9.3 °C | +5.8 °C |
| Annual rainfall | 562 mm | 782 mm | +220 mm |
| Sunshine / day | 7.8 h | 8.8 h | +1.0 h |
| Hot days (≥ 30 °C) | 0 d/yr | 22 d/yr | +22 d/yr |
| Frost days (< 0 °C) | 118 d/yr | 27 d/yr | -91 d/yr |
| Rainy days (≥ 1 mm) | 117 d/yr | 126 d/yr | +9 d/yr |
| Mean relative humidity | 80 % | 75 % | -5 % |
| Average peak wind | 18.2 km/h | 18.1 km/h | negligible |
A difference is only reported when it exceeds the resolution of the data. ERA5 is a reanalysis on a grid of about 31 km: two nearby cities often fall in the same cell, and below half a degree you are reading the grid, not the climate.