Axum climate — normals and trends

Q: What is the climate of Axum?

Axum has a humid subtropical, dry winter climate (Köppen Cwa). Over 1940-2025, the average annual temperature is 19.4 °C and it receives 958 mm of precipitation per year.

Q: What is the hottest day ever recorded in Axum?

The hottest day measured in Axum between 1940 and 2025 was 12 June 2016, reaching 35.5 °C.

Q: What is the coldest day in Axum?

The coldest day measured in Axum between 1940 and 2025 was 9 January 1944, at 3.9 °C.

Q: Does it snow in Axum?

Almost never: Axum sees virtually no snow, with about 0 frost days per year.

Q: Has the climate of Axum warmed?

Yes: Axum warmed by +2.1 °C between 1940 and 2025, a statistically significant trend.

Q: What is the wettest day in Axum?

The wettest day measured in Axum between 1940 and 2025 was 4 August 2020, with 63 mm of rain in 24 hours.

Q: What was the windiest day in Axum?

The windiest day measured in Axum between 1940 and 2025 was 10 April 2002, with winds reaching 24.8 km/h.

Q: What is the warmest month in Axum?

The warmest month in Axum is May (22.5 °C on average); the coldest is December (17.4 °C).

Q: How much does it rain in Axum?

Axum receives on average 958 mm of precipitation per year, spread over about 114 rainy days.

Q: Is it sunny in Axum?

Axum gets on average 10.7 hours of sunshine per day, roughly 3,905 hours per year over 1940-2025.

Axum (Ethiopia) has a humid subtropical, dry winter climate (Cwa) under the Köppen-Geiger classification. Its mean annual temperature is 19.4 °C and it receives 958 mm of precipitation per year.

These figures are normals computed over 86 complete calendar years, from 1940 to 2025, using ERA5 reanalysis data from the Copernicus programme.

The warmest month is May (22.5 °C on average) and the coldest is December (17.4 °C). Rainfall peaks in August.

Axum averages 0 frost days, 59 hot days (≥ 30 °C) and 114 rainy days per year.

Axum has warmed by +2.1 °C between 1940 and 2025, or +0.24 °C per decade. This trend is statistically significant.

The hottest day of the period reached 35.5 °C (on 12 June 2016) and the coldest 3.9 °C (on 9 January 1944).

Data from ERA5 reanalysis (Copernicus Climate Change Service), redistributed under a CC-BY 4.0 licence. Normals are recomputed whenever the archive is updated.

Climate normals · ERA5

AxumTigray

coords: 14.12°, 38.72°
period: 1940–2025 · 86 yrs

CwaHumid subtropical, dry winterWarmest monthMayColdest monthDecemberWettest monthAugustDriest monthJanuary

Mean daily temperature

19.4°C

Average daily high

26.8°C

Average daily low

13.0°C

Annual rainfall

958mm

Sunshine / day

10.7h

Mean relative humidity

58%

Average peak wind

11.5km/h

Seasonal range

5.1°C

Frost days (< 0 °C)

0 d/yr

Hot days (≥ 30 °C)

59 d/yr

Rainy days (≥ 1 mm)

114 d/yr

Annual snowfall

0.0 cm

Average feels-like high

27.1 °C

Average feels-like low

12.3 °C

Average peak gust

32.7 km/h

Tropical nights (≥ 20 °C)

0 d/yr

Solar radiation

21.9 MJ/m²

Has the climate changed?

One stripe per year, 1940 to 2025

+2.1 °C

since 1940

+0.2 °C per decade · r² = 0.66 · p = < 0.001

19402025

Trend fitted by linear regression (ordinary least squares) on annual means. A trend is shown only when it is statistically significant (p < 0.05).

A climograph overlays rainfall (bars) and temperature (line): the standard reading in climatology, where you can see at a glance whether the warm season is also the dry one.

Records for the period

Hottest day

35.5 °C

12 June 2016

Coldest day

3.9 °C

9 January 1944

Wettest day

63 mm

4 August 2020

Windiest day

24.8 km/h

10 April 2002

Strongest gust

61.9 km/h

16 April 1968

Hottest feels-like

36.2 °C

13 April 2024

Coldest feels-like

0.0 °C

9 January 1944

Sunniest day

12.6 h

15 May 1956

Year	Hottest day	Coldest day	Annual mean	Rainfall	Hot days
2025	34.3 °C9 June 2025	8.4 °C30 December 2025	20.4 °C	912 mm	91
2024	35.1 °C12 April 2024	8.4 °C13 December 2024	20.8 °C	921 mm	107
2023	33.9 °C13 May 2023	6.7 °C4 January 2023	20.7 °C	572 mm	75
2022	33.7 °C10 March 2022	7.5 °C4 December 2022	20.2 °C	902 mm	95
2021	34.6 °C1 June 2021	7.1 °C10 December 2021	19.9 °C	862 mm	67
2020	33.7 °C1 April 2020	7.3 °C18 December 2020	20.1 °C	951 mm	86
2019	33.8 °C4 May 2019	4.9 °C8 January 2019	20.3 °C	1,072 mm	86
2018	33.6 °C14 May 2018	6.1 °C16 January 2018	19.9 °C	1,014 mm	73
2017	33.3 °C13 April 2017	5.0 °C7 January 2017	20.1 °C	906 mm	55
2016	35.5 °C12 June 2016	6.3 °C27 December 2016	20.4 °C	1,016 mm	100
2015	34.0 °C10 June 2015	6.5 °C2 January 2015	20.4 °C	812 mm	81
2014	32.7 °C1 April 2014	7.4 °C13 December 2014	19.7 °C	936 mm	46
2013	34.1 °C6 April 2013	6.1 °C3 December 2013	20.2 °C	815 mm	104
2012	33.1 °C19 April 2012	6.0 °C3 January 2012	19.8 °C	804 mm	79
2011	32.5 °C14 April 2011	7.2 °C1 December 2011	19.4 °C	848 mm	59
2010	33.9 °C2 June 2010	4.8 °C18 December 2010	19.7 °C	926 mm	56
2009	33.2 °C16 April 2009	7.9 °C9 November 2009	20.4 °C	774 mm	99
2008	32.0 °C12 May 2008	6.9 °C21 November 2008	19.3 °C	801 mm	38
2007	32.2 °C14 March 2007	5.9 °C18 November 2007	19.4 °C	843 mm	63
2006	32.5 °C22 May 2006	7.1 °C2 January 2006	19.8 °C	1,076 mm	54
2005	32.9 °C5 June 2005	5.2 °C30 December 2005	19.6 °C	957 mm	66
2004	34.0 °C14 May 2004	8.7 °C4 December 2004	20.0 °C	814 mm	70
2003	33.4 °C29 May 2003	6.6 °C27 December 2003	20.1 °C	850 mm	93
2002	34.2 °C14 May 2002	8.0 °C26 January 2002	20.3 °C	647 mm	82
2001	33.3 °C14 May 2001	7.2 °C22 December 2001	19.5 °C	914 mm	47
2000	33.8 °C23 May 2000	7.6 °C4 December 2000	19.6 °C	737 mm	55
1999	34.3 °C6 June 1999	5.6 °C2 January 1999	19.7 °C	805 mm	101
1998	35.0 °C19 April 1998	5.3 °C28 December 1998	20.2 °C	933 mm	93
1997	32.8 °C5 May 1997	7.7 °C25 January 1997	20.1 °C	882 mm	68
1996	33.5 °C19 April 1996	7.6 °C17 January 1996	19.7 °C	1,080 mm	72
1995	34.0 °C4 June 1995	7.1 °C3 December 1995	20.1 °C	873 mm	71
1994	33.2 °C30 May 1994	5.2 °C1 January 1994	19.8 °C	1,055 mm	65
1993	31.5 °C11 March 1993	5.5 °C7 February 1993	18.9 °C	1,024 mm	8
1992	33.6 °C15 April 1992	7.3 °C12 January 1992	19.5 °C	930 mm	82
1991	33.5 °C1 June 1991	7.1 °C14 December 1991	20.0 °C	755 mm	78
1990	34.2 °C27 May 1990	5.7 °C29 December 1990	20.2 °C	672 mm	71
1989	33.3 °C2 June 1989	7.1 °C22 November 1989	19.6 °C	752 mm	43
1988	34.1 °C30 May 1988	6.0 °C24 November 1988	20.0 °C	973 mm	86
1987	33.6 °C29 April 1987	4.7 °C2 February 1987	20.1 °C	861 mm	55
1986	33.7 °C31 May 1986	7.6 °C4 January 1986	19.6 °C	957 mm	75
1985	32.7 °C8 April 1985	7.5 °C16 December 1985	19.5 °C	1,152 mm	51
1984	33.8 °C23 April 1984	5.3 °C7 January 1984	19.8 °C	904 mm	80
1983	33.6 °C30 April 1983	5.4 °C11 January 1983	19.9 °C	896 mm	83
1982	33.0 °C26 March 1982	6.8 °C15 January 1982	19.5 °C	875 mm	45
1981	33.4 °C30 April 1981	5.3 °C10 December 1981	19.7 °C	775 mm	58
1980	33.1 °C25 May 1980	8.2 °C2 November 1980	19.8 °C	861 mm	61
1979	33.7 °C22 April 1979	9.1 °C30 January 1979	19.7 °C	963 mm	69
1978	34.7 °C2 June 1978	6.7 °C9 December 1978	19.4 °C	947 mm	68
1977	33.3 °C22 April 1977	7.5 °C19 January 1977	19.3 °C	1,106 mm	51
1976	32.4 °C14 May 1976	6.5 °C3 December 1976	18.7 °C	1,172 mm	16
1975	32.7 °C27 May 1975	6.0 °C22 December 1975	18.7 °C	1,298 mm	45
1974	32.4 °C26 April 1974	6.4 °C24 December 1974	18.8 °C	998 mm	37
1973	33.9 °C5 April 1973	5.0 °C8 December 1973	19.5 °C	992 mm	88
1972	34.4 °C13 May 1972	5.0 °C8 February 1972	19.6 °C	823 mm	53
1971	32.9 °C22 April 1971	5.6 °C13 December 1971	18.7 °C	1,049 mm	50
1970	33.9 °C23 May 1970	5.6 °C27 December 1970	19.4 °C	967 mm	75
1969	33.9 °C21 May 1969	5.8 °C20 December 1969	19.5 °C	1,019 mm	56
1968	33.8 °C2 May 1968	4.7 °C8 January 1968	19.2 °C	800 mm	47
1967	33.2 °C5 June 1967	6.3 °C7 January 1967	18.9 °C	771 mm	49
1966	33.4 °C3 June 1966	6.7 °C10 December 1966	20.4 °C	333 mm	106
1965	33.0 °C29 May 1965	6.3 °C18 February 1965	19.8 °C	433 mm	99
1964	33.5 °C12 June 1964	7.3 °C9 November 1964	19.5 °C	549 mm	85
1963	32.8 °C25 March 1963	7.6 °C24 December 1963	19.4 °C	575 mm	41
1962	32.7 °C28 May 1962	6.9 °C13 February 1962	18.9 °C	903 mm	46
1961	34.1 °C26 May 1961	9.3 °C7 January 1961	19.3 °C	1,109 mm	61
1960	32.5 °C25 April 1960	5.9 °C23 January 1960	19.0 °C	1,096 mm	40
1959	33.8 °C6 May 1959	7.6 °C25 December 1959	19.1 °C	1,148 mm	50
1958	33.5 °C21 April 1958	6.6 °C30 November 1958	19.5 °C	977 mm	79
1957	32.1 °C25 April 1957	6.0 °C23 January 1957	19.0 °C	908 mm	19
1956	31.6 °C13 May 1956	5.1 °C26 November 1956	18.3 °C	1,004 mm	28
1955	31.9 °C28 May 1955	7.7 °C27 January 1955	18.5 °C	1,139 mm	27
1954	32.7 °C21 April 1954	6.0 °C11 January 1954	18.6 °C	1,289 mm	63
1953	31.7 °C1 April 1953	6.5 °C31 December 1953	18.4 °C	1,569 mm	19
1952	30.7 °C27 February 1952	6.7 °C4 January 1952	18.3 °C	1,588 mm	4
1951	30.7 °C5 April 1951	5.1 °C27 January 1951	18.3 °C	1,275 mm	11
1950	30.3 °C5 March 1950	5.3 °C8 January 1950	17.4 °C	1,482 mm	3
1949	31.5 °C25 March 1949	6.6 °C6 January 1949	18.0 °C	1,503 mm	15
1948	31.8 °C21 May 1948	5.9 °C3 December 1948	18.2 °C	1,400 mm	32
1947	31.2 °C23 April 1947	4.7 °C1 January 1947	18.0 °C	1,217 mm	11
1946	32.7 °C25 May 1946	5.7 °C14 January 1946	18.4 °C	1,132 mm	46
1945	31.0 °C28 April 1945	5.8 °C12 November 1945	18.3 °C	807 mm	14
1944	31.7 °C15 April 1944	3.9 °C9 January 1944	18.3 °C	1,078 mm	16
1943	31.5 °C17 May 1943	5.8 °C24 December 1943	17.5 °C	1,508 mm	19
1942	33.1 °C22 May 1942	5.2 °C11 December 1942	18.4 °C	1,082 mm	31
1941	32.7 °C29 March 1941	5.1 °C18 January 1941	19.1 °C	867 mm	69
1940	31.9 °C1 June 1940	5.2 °C16 December 1940	18.3 °C	844 mm	30

Normals computed over complete calendar years 1940–2025.

A specific year

Pick a year and see how it compares to normal — warmer, drier or more extreme than usual?

Year

Across the whole year

Average daily high

27.6 °C

+0.8 °C

Hot days (≥ 30 °C)

91 d/yr

+32

Frost days (< 0 °C)

0 d/yr

Annual rainfall

912 mm

-46 mm

Month by month

	High	vs. normal	Precipitation	vs. normal
Jan	27.9 °C	+1.2 °C	0 mm	-3 mm
Feb	29.4 °C	+1.2 °C	3 mm	-1 mm
Mar	30.2 °C	+0.7 °C	12 mm	-5 mm
Apr	30.9 °C	+0.9 °C	13 mm	-16 mm
May	31.0 °C	+1.3 °C	20 mm	-29 mm
Jun	30.6 °C	+3.0 °C	22 mm	-111 mm
Jul	24.9 °C	+1.4 °C	284 mm	-4 mm
Aug	22.9 °C	-0.5 °C	359 mm	+59 mm
Sep	25.4 °C	+0.3 °C	197 mm	+86 mm
Oct	25.7 °C	-0.5 °C	3 mm	-10 mm
Nov	26.1 °C	+0.2 °C	0 mm	-10 mm
Dec	26.6 °C	+0.8 °C	0 mm	-4 mm

The year's extremes

Hottest day

34.3 °C

9 Jun 2025

Coldest day

8.4 °C

30 Dec 2025

Wettest day

31.5 mm

19 Aug 2025

Windiest day

22.4 km/h

24 Apr 2025

Strongest gust

56.5 km/h

24 Apr 2025

Hottest feels-like

33.8 °C

12 May 2025

Coldest feels-like

6.1 °C

30 Dec 2025

Sunniest day

12.5 h

16 May 2025

What was the weather like that day?

Your birthday, a wedding, a memorable trip: discover the actual weather for any date since 1940.

Date

Frequently asked questions

What is the climate of Axum?

Axum has a humid subtropical, dry winter climate (Köppen Cwa). Over 1940-2025, the average annual temperature is 19.4 °C and it receives 958 mm of precipitation per year.

What is the hottest day ever recorded in Axum?

The hottest day measured in Axum between 1940 and 2025 was 12 June 2016, reaching 35.5 °C.

What is the coldest day in Axum?

The coldest day measured in Axum between 1940 and 2025 was 9 January 1944, at 3.9 °C.

Does it snow in Axum?

Almost never: Axum sees virtually no snow, with about 0 frost days per year.

Has the climate of Axum warmed?

Yes: Axum warmed by +2.1 °C between 1940 and 2025, a statistically significant trend.

What is the wettest day in Axum?

The wettest day measured in Axum between 1940 and 2025 was 4 August 2020, with 63 mm of rain in 24 hours.

What was the windiest day in Axum?

The windiest day measured in Axum between 1940 and 2025 was 10 April 2002, with winds reaching 24.8 km/h.

What is the warmest month in Axum?

The warmest month in Axum is May (22.5 °C on average); the coldest is December (17.4 °C).

How much does it rain in Axum?

Axum receives on average 958 mm of precipitation per year, spread over about 114 rainy days.

Is it sunny in Axum?

Axum gets on average 10.7 hours of sunshine per day, roughly 3,905 hours per year over 1940-2025.

Are there tropical nights in Axum?

Almost never: tropical nights (temperature staying above 20 °C) are virtually non-existent in Axum.

What was the most extreme apparent temperature in Axum?

In Axum, between 1940 and 2025, the highest apparent temperature reached 36.2 °C on 13 April 2024, and the lowest was 0.0 °C on 9 January 1944.

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