Khalīfān climate — normals and trends

Q: What is the climate of Khalīfān?

Khalīfān has a hot-summer mediterranean climate (Köppen Csa). Over 1940-2025, the average annual temperature is 14.7 °C and it receives 1,008 mm of precipitation per year.

Q: What is the hottest day ever recorded in Khalīfān?

The hottest day measured in Khalīfān between 1940 and 2025 was 31 July 1957, reaching 42.1 °C.

Q: What is the coldest day in Khalīfān?

The coldest day measured in Khalīfān between 1940 and 2025 was 7 December 1994, at -21.2 °C.

Q: Does it snow in Khalīfān?

Yes. Khalīfān gets on average 139.4 cm of snow per year and has around 69 frost days.

Q: Has the climate of Khalīfān warmed?

Yes: Khalīfān warmed by +2.4 °C between 1940 and 2025, a statistically significant trend.

Q: What is the wettest day in Khalīfān?

The wettest day measured in Khalīfān between 1940 and 2025 was 12 April 2023, with 101 mm of rain in 24 hours.

Q: What was the windiest day in Khalīfān?

The windiest day measured in Khalīfān between 1940 and 2025 was 27 March 1962, with winds reaching 23.7 km/h.

Q: What is the warmest month in Khalīfān?

The warmest month in Khalīfān is July (28.8 °C on average); the coldest is January (1.2 °C).

Q: How much does it rain in Khalīfān?

Khalīfān receives on average 1,008 mm of precipitation per year, spread over about 95 rainy days.

Q: Is it sunny in Khalīfān?

Khalīfān gets on average 10.7 hours of sunshine per day, roughly 3,905 hours per year over 1940-2025.

Khalīfān (Iraq) has a hot-summer mediterranean climate (Csa) under the Köppen-Geiger classification. Its mean annual temperature is 14.7 °C and it receives 1,008 mm of precipitation per year.

These figures are normals computed over 86 complete calendar years, from 1940 to 2025, using ERA5 reanalysis data from the Copernicus programme.

The warmest month is July (28.8 °C on average) and the coldest is January (1.2 °C). Rainfall peaks in March.

Khalīfān averages 69 frost days, 107 hot days (≥ 30 °C) and 95 rainy days per year.

Khalīfān has warmed by +2.4 °C between 1940 and 2025, or +0.28 °C per decade. This trend is statistically significant.

The number of frost days there went from about 88 to 50 per year over the period.

The hottest day of the period reached 42.1 °C (on 31 July 1957) and the coldest -21.2 °C (on 7 December 1994).

Data from ERA5 reanalysis (Copernicus Climate Change Service), redistributed under a CC-BY 4.0 licence. Normals are recomputed whenever the archive is updated.

Climate normals · ERA5

KhalīfānErbil Governorate

coords: 36.61°, 44.40°
period: 1940–2025 · 86 yrs

CsaHot-summer MediterraneanWarmest monthJulyColdest monthJanuaryWettest monthMarchDriest monthAugust

Mean daily temperature

14.7°C

Average daily high

20.7°C

Average daily low

8.6°C

Annual rainfall

1,008mm

Sunshine / day

10.7h

Mean relative humidity

52%

Average peak wind

9.6km/h

Seasonal range

27.6°C

Frost days (< 0 °C)

69 d/yr

Hot days (≥ 30 °C)

107 d/yr

Rainy days (≥ 1 mm)

95 d/yr

Annual snowfall

139.4 cm

Average feels-like high

19.3 °C

Average feels-like low

6.1 °C

Average peak gust

34.1 km/h

Tropical nights (≥ 20 °C)

41 d/yr

Solar radiation

18.7 MJ/m²

Has the climate changed?

One stripe per year, 1940 to 2025

+2.4 °C

since 1940

+0.3 °C per decade · r² = 0.42 · p = < 0.001

19402025

Trend fitted by linear regression (ordinary least squares) on annual means. A trend is shown only when it is statistically significant (p < 0.05).

A climograph overlays rainfall (bars) and temperature (line): the standard reading in climatology, where you can see at a glance whether the warm season is also the dry one.

Records for the period

Hottest day

42.1 °C

31 July 1957

Coldest day

-21.2 °C

7 December 1994

Wettest day

101 mm

12 April 2023

Windiest day

23.7 km/h

27 March 1962

Strongest gust

99.0 km/h

23 February 1967

Hottest feels-like

43.4 °C

14 July 1964

Coldest feels-like

-25.8 °C

7 December 1994

Snowiest day

37.8 cm

4 January 1977

Sunniest day

14.0 h

14 May 1940

Year	Hottest day	Coldest day	Annual mean	Rainfall	Hot days	Frost days
2025	41.9 °C25 July 2025	-15.0 °C25 February 2025	17.1 °C	661 mm	123	50
2024	39.3 °C5 August 2024	-5.4 °C15 December 2024	16.6 °C	1,075 mm	117	28
2023	41.2 °C11 August 2023	-9.7 °C17 February 2023	16.7 °C	998 mm	107	39
2022	40.0 °C13 August 2022	-14.9 °C18 January 2022	16.6 °C	780 mm	121	45
2021	41.2 °C20 July 2021	-10.5 °C24 January 2021	17.3 °C	611 mm	134	44
2020	40.1 °C28 July 2020	-10.5 °C11 February 2020	16.3 °C	1,016 mm	120	45
2019	40.4 °C21 July 2019	-10.5 °C19 January 2019	16.1 °C	1,267 mm	137	35
2018	40.3 °C2 July 2018	-4.5 °C29 January 2018	16.7 °C	1,396 mm	117	20
2017	40.6 °C9 August 2017	-11.1 °C3 February 2017	16.3 °C	839 mm	116	56
2016	40.4 °C20 July 2016	-13.1 °C29 January 2016	16.1 °C	1,016 mm	99	59
2015	40.4 °C4 August 2015	-12.5 °C12 January 2015	16.2 °C	1,070 mm	120	49
2014	39.8 °C16 August 2014	-6.5 °C6 February 2014	16.3 °C	918 mm	106	34
2013	38.2 °C13 August 2013	-13.0 °C12 January 2013	15.3 °C	1,077 mm	99	48
2012	38.5 °C19 July 2012	-14.6 °C21 January 2012	15.5 °C	984 mm	125	71
2011	40.8 °C2 August 2011	-11.5 °C12 February 2011	14.7 °C	1,039 mm	110	77
2010	40.4 °C12 July 2010	-8.9 °C27 January 2010	17.2 °C	781 mm	123	27
2009	38.3 °C19 August 2009	-13.2 °C3 January 2009	15.1 °C	933 mm	98	49
2008	41.2 °C1 August 2008	-14.3 °C8 January 2008	15.7 °C	632 mm	114	65
2007	39.2 °C10 August 2007	-15.0 °C2 January 2007	15.3 °C	855 mm	117	67
2006	40.0 °C11 August 2006	-18.1 °C30 December 2006	15.4 °C	1,315 mm	116	73
2005	38.8 °C27 July 2005	-13.6 °C12 February 2005	15.5 °C	929 mm	108	56
2004	38.1 °C31 July 2004	-12.6 °C24 February 2004	15.1 °C	968 mm	109	62
2003	41.1 °C11 August 2003	-10.6 °C22 December 2003	15.0 °C	1,260 mm	110	62
2002	38.9 °C14 August 2002	-12.2 °C13 January 2002	15.2 °C	1,095 mm	120	63
2001	40.8 °C1 August 2001	-15.9 °C28 January 2001	15.9 °C	791 mm	113	47
2000	41.8 °C17 July 2000	-14.9 °C17 January 2000	15.3 °C	761 mm	112	65
1999	41.4 °C3 August 1999	-9.7 °C22 February 1999	16.1 °C	550 mm	122	55
1998	40.9 °C29 August 1998	-11.9 °C4 January 1998	15.7 °C	817 mm	120	60
1997	37.9 °C22 July 1997	-18.8 °C7 February 1997	13.9 °C	927 mm	103	75
1996	39.5 °C24 July 1996	-7.8 °C14 January 1996	15.3 °C	1,069 mm	103	45
1995	39.7 °C21 July 1995	-11.0 °C23 January 1995	14.7 °C	784 mm	104	70
1994	38.5 °C14 July 1994	-21.2 °C7 December 1994	15.0 °C	1,311 mm	111	54
1993	39.5 °C17 July 1993	-13.6 °C16 February 1993	14.0 °C	1,267 mm	98	75
1992	36.4 °C29 July 1992	-15.5 °C29 December 1992	12.6 °C	1,356 mm	87	94
1991	40.0 °C2 August 1991	-13.2 °C6 February 1991	14.6 °C	1,177 mm	99	80
1990	40.3 °C20 July 1990	-14.6 °C28 December 1990	14.9 °C	723 mm	122	75
1989	40.6 °C23 July 1989	-13.7 °C7 January 1989	15.3 °C	791 mm	105	76
1988	39.5 °C31 July 1988	-15.0 °C2 January 1988	13.6 °C	1,312 mm	89	87
1987	37.6 °C7 August 1987	-13.9 °C31 December 1987	13.7 °C	1,241 mm	100	94
1986	39.1 °C7 July 1986	-15.1 °C5 December 1986	13.7 °C	1,183 mm	96	97
1985	38.6 °C13 July 1985	-16.8 °C2 March 1985	13.6 °C	994 mm	106	84
1984	38.9 °C11 July 1984	-14.7 °C8 December 1984	13.4 °C	972 mm	111	98
1983	40.7 °C17 July 1983	-17.1 °C27 January 1983	13.1 °C	834 mm	93	102
1982	38.7 °C20 July 1982	-14.6 °C19 January 1982	12.4 °C	1,116 mm	96	116
1981	39.6 °C15 July 1981	-9.7 °C1 January 1981	14.2 °C	1,068 mm	101	70
1980	40.3 °C16 July 1980	-10.8 °C17 January 1980	14.7 °C	1,127 mm	103	75
1979	38.9 °C4 September 1979	-9.4 °C12 January 1979	15.6 °C	915 mm	111	50
1978	41.9 °C17 July 1978	-7.2 °C15 January 1978	15.2 °C	945 mm	104	55
1977	40.7 °C4 August 1977	-13.5 °C9 January 1977	14.9 °C	1,046 mm	117	59
1976	41.0 °C6 August 1976	-10.5 °C13 February 1976	14.2 °C	1,195 mm	99	66
1975	40.9 °C7 August 1975	-15.1 °C12 February 1975	14.3 °C	1,013 mm	99	89
1974	39.6 °C25 July 1974	-12.6 °C4 February 1974	14.4 °C	1,054 mm	107	80
1973	41.7 °C28 July 1973	-13.6 °C2 January 1973	14.3 °C	832 mm	107	100
1972	39.2 °C13 July 1972	-14.8 °C26 December 1972	13.3 °C	1,318 mm	100	95
1971	38.2 °C3 July 1971	-13.4 °C15 February 1971	14.3 °C	1,195 mm	110	68
1970	40.1 °C13 August 1970	-10.9 °C29 January 1970	15.3 °C	731 mm	111	52
1969	40.5 °C11 August 1969	-10.7 °C4 February 1969	14.9 °C	1,503 mm	108	47
1968	39.8 °C25 July 1968	-15.9 °C19 January 1968	14.3 °C	1,416 mm	94	61
1967	39.0 °C23 July 1967	-16.7 °C25 December 1967	13.4 °C	1,331 mm	93	87
1966	41.5 °C27 July 1966	-8.7 °C23 December 1966	15.9 °C	948 mm	106	38
1965	41.2 °C16 July 1965	-14.5 °C21 December 1965	14.3 °C	1,178 mm	107	81
1964	41.0 °C14 July 1964	-19.6 °C21 January 1964	13.6 °C	965 mm	112	85
1963	40.0 °C31 July 1963	-9.2 °C8 March 1963	14.5 °C	1,504 mm	97	63
1962	40.6 °C20 July 1962	-11.1 °C23 February 1962	15.2 °C	877 mm	108	61
1961	39.8 °C28 July 1961	-14.4 °C24 January 1961	14.1 °C	1,005 mm	88	92
1960	37.6 °C28 July 1960	-12.3 °C25 January 1960	14.4 °C	851 mm	93	61
1959	39.1 °C20 July 1959	-16.5 °C21 February 1959	13.5 °C	704 mm	86	95
1958	40.0 °C28 July 1958	-13.1 °C3 February 1958	15.0 °C	535 mm	104	63
1957	42.1 °C31 July 1957	-13.9 °C8 January 1957	13.4 °C	1,246 mm	96	82
1956	39.3 °C3 July 1956	-13.6 °C12 December 1956	13.4 °C	875 mm	94	93
1955	40.7 °C12 August 1955	-7.4 °C25 February 1955	15.4 °C	754 mm	114	46
1954	40.2 °C21 July 1954	-13.9 °C17 January 1954	14.7 °C	1,260 mm	114	63
1953	41.0 °C12 July 1953	-14.0 °C1 December 1953	13.8 °C	1,376 mm	113	91
1952	39.4 °C26 July 1952	-10.4 °C6 March 1952	14.7 °C	1,020 mm	111	67
1951	40.7 °C27 July 1951	-12.9 °C27 January 1951	14.5 °C	915 mm	109	74
1950	40.2 °C10 August 1950	-17.9 °C17 January 1950	13.8 °C	1,029 mm	111	84
1949	40.7 °C17 July 1949	-16.3 °C1 January 1949	13.6 °C	1,169 mm	107	93
1948	38.9 °C14 August 1948	-18.5 °C30 December 1948	13.4 °C	1,089 mm	100	117
1947	39.8 °C17 July 1947	-13.5 °C26 December 1947	14.6 °C	913 mm	93	58
1946	38.0 °C26 July 1946	-15.7 °C25 January 1946	13.6 °C	852 mm	93	82
1945	38.4 °C2 September 1945	-11.9 °C26 January 1945	13.2 °C	722 mm	98	111
1944	39.2 °C26 July 1944	-15.0 °C16 January 1944	14.1 °C	910 mm	93	87
1943	39.7 °C30 July 1943	-8.7 °C4 February 1943	14.8 °C	764 mm	105	81
1942	40.2 °C19 July 1942	-18.3 °C6 January 1942	14.7 °C	1,121 mm	106	78
1941	38.4 °C11 July 1941	-8.7 °C5 January 1941	14.6 °C	943 mm	103	72
1940	38.4 °C19 July 1940	-14.5 °C14 January 1940	14.0 °C	1,011 mm	93	84

Normals computed over complete calendar years 1940–2025.

A specific year

Pick a year and see how it compares to normal — warmer, drier or more extreme than usual?

Year

Across the whole year

Average daily high

23.2 °C

+2.5 °C

Hot days (≥ 30 °C)

123 d/yr

+16

Frost days (< 0 °C)

50 d/yr

-19

Annual rainfall

661 mm

-347 mm

Month by month

	High	vs. normal	Precipitation	vs. normal
Jan	9.5 °C	+3.6 °C	29 mm	-126 mm
Feb	6.8 °C	-0.7 °C	89 mm	-68 mm
Mar	16.6 °C	+4.8 °C	51 mm	-126 mm
Apr	20.3 °C	+2.5 °C	139 mm	-8 mm
May	27.4 °C	+3.2 °C	49 mm	-21 mm
Jun	33.0 °C	+1.9 °C	2 mm	-4 mm
Jul	37.2 °C	+1.4 °C	0 mm	-1 mm
Aug	39.0 °C	+3.3 °C	0 mm	-1 mm
Sep	31.9 °C	+0.5 °C	1 mm	-2 mm
Oct	25.9 °C	+2.1 °C	3 mm	-44 mm
Nov	19.8 °C	+4.8 °C	75 mm	-32 mm
Dec	9.3 °C	+0.7 °C	223 mm	+86 mm

The year's extremes

Hottest day

41.9 °C

25 Jul 2025

Coldest day

-15.0 °C

25 Feb 2025

Wettest day

56.2 mm

28 Dec 2025

Windiest day

20.6 km/h

5 May 2025

Strongest gust

77.8 km/h

19 Mar 2025

Hottest feels-like

41.8 °C

31 Jul 2025

Coldest feels-like

-19.7 °C

25 Feb 2025

Snowiest day

18.3 cm

29 Dec 2025

Sunniest day

14.0 h

16 May 2025

What was the weather like that day?

Your birthday, a wedding, a memorable trip: discover the actual weather for any date since 1940.

Date

Frequently asked questions

What is the climate of Khalīfān?

Khalīfān has a hot-summer mediterranean climate (Köppen Csa). Over 1940-2025, the average annual temperature is 14.7 °C and it receives 1,008 mm of precipitation per year.

What is the hottest day ever recorded in Khalīfān?

The hottest day measured in Khalīfān between 1940 and 2025 was 31 July 1957, reaching 42.1 °C.

What is the coldest day in Khalīfān?

The coldest day measured in Khalīfān between 1940 and 2025 was 7 December 1994, at -21.2 °C.

Does it snow in Khalīfān?

Yes. Khalīfān gets on average 139.4 cm of snow per year and has around 69 frost days.

Has the climate of Khalīfān warmed?

Yes: Khalīfān warmed by +2.4 °C between 1940 and 2025, a statistically significant trend.

What is the wettest day in Khalīfān?

The wettest day measured in Khalīfān between 1940 and 2025 was 12 April 2023, with 101 mm of rain in 24 hours.

What was the windiest day in Khalīfān?

The windiest day measured in Khalīfān between 1940 and 2025 was 27 March 1962, with winds reaching 23.7 km/h.

What is the warmest month in Khalīfān?

The warmest month in Khalīfān is July (28.8 °C on average); the coldest is January (1.2 °C).

How much does it rain in Khalīfān?

Khalīfān receives on average 1,008 mm of precipitation per year, spread over about 95 rainy days.

Is it sunny in Khalīfān?

Khalīfān gets on average 10.7 hours of sunshine per day, roughly 3,905 hours per year over 1940-2025.

What is the biggest single-day snowfall in Khalīfān?

The heaviest 24-hour snowfall measured in Khalīfān between 1940 and 2025 was 4 January 1977, with 37.8 cm.

Are there tropical nights in Khalīfān?

Yes: Khalīfān has on average 41 tropical nights per year (temperature staying above 20 °C), over 1940-2025.

What was the most extreme apparent temperature in Khalīfān?

In Khalīfān, between 1940 and 2025, the highest apparent temperature reached 43.4 °C on 14 July 1964, and the lowest was -25.8 °C on 7 December 1994.

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