Baikonur climate — normals and trends
Baikonur (Kazakhstan) has a cold desert climate (BWk) under the Köppen-Geiger classification. Its mean annual temperature is 9.9 °C and it receives 123 mm of precipitation per year.
These figures are normals computed over 86 complete calendar years, from 1940 to 2025, using ERA5 reanalysis data from the Copernicus programme.
The warmest month is July (28.3 °C on average) and the coldest is January (-9.0 °C). Rainfall peaks in March.
Baikonur averages 140 frost days, 83 hot days (≥ 30 °C) and 32 rainy days per year.
Baikonur has warmed by +1.8 °C between 1940 and 2025, or +0.21 °C per decade. This trend is statistically significant.
The number of frost days there went from about 147 to 133 per year over the period.
The hottest day of the period reached 44.8 °C (on 23 June 1941) and the coldest -39.5 °C (on 11 February 1969).
Data from ERA5 reanalysis (Copernicus Climate Change Service), redistributed under a CC-BY 4.0 licence. Normals are recomputed whenever the archive is updated.
Climate normals · ERA5
BaikonurBaikonur
- coords
- 45.62°, 63.32°
- period
- 1940–2025 · 86 yrs
Mean daily temperature
9.9°C
Average daily high
15.3°C
Average daily low
4.5°C
Annual rainfall
123mm
Sunshine / day
9.8h
Mean relative humidity
54%
Average peak wind
23.9km/h
Seasonal range
37.3°C
Frost days (< 0 °C)
140 d/yr
Hot days (≥ 30 °C)
83 d/yr
Rainy days (≥ 1 mm)
32 d/yr
Annual snowfall
24.8 cm
Average feels-like high
11.1 °C
Average feels-like low
0.0 °C
Average peak gust
37.4 km/h
Tropical nights (≥ 20 °C)
50 d/yr
Solar radiation
15.8 MJ/m²
Has the climate changed?
One stripe per year, 1940 to 2025
+1.8 °C
since 1940
+0.2 °C per decade · r² = 0.18 · p = < 0.001
Trend fitted by linear regression (ordinary least squares) on annual means. A trend is shown only when it is statistically significant (p < 0.05).
A climograph overlays rainfall (bars) and temperature (line): the standard reading in climatology, where you can see at a glance whether the warm season is also the dry one.
Records for the period
Hottest day
44.8 °C
23 June 1941
Coldest day
-39.5 °C
11 February 1969
Wettest day
27 mm
25 May 1996
Windiest day
69.3 km/h
9 March 1997
Strongest gust
103.3 km/h
9 March 1997
Hottest feels-like
44.4 °C
12 July 1984
Coldest feels-like
-45.1 °C
11 February 1969
Snowiest day
10.3 cm
27 December 2005
Sunniest day
14.5 h
27 June 2023
Normals computed over complete calendar years 1940–2025.
A specific year
Pick a year and see how it compares to normal — warmer, drier or more extreme than usual?
Across the whole year
Month by month
| High | vs. normal | Precipitation | vs. normal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | -0.9 °C | +4.2 °C | 18 mm | +6 mm |
| Feb | 0.1 °C | +2.9 °C | 20 mm | +7 mm |
| Mar | 11.5 °C | +5.2 °C | 13 mm | -6 mm |
| Apr | 24.5 °C | +5.9 °C | 19 mm | +4 mm |
| May | 31.3 °C | +4.8 °C | 2 mm | -9 mm |
| Jun | 33.4 °C | +1.4 °C | 4 mm | -2 mm |
| Jul | 35.8 °C | +1.8 °C | 0 mm | -6 mm |
| Aug | 32.7 °C | +0.8 °C | 5 mm | 0 mm |
| Sep | 25.2 °C | +0.3 °C | 4 mm | -1 mm |
| Oct | 18.0 °C | +3.1 °C | 1 mm | -9 mm |
| Nov | 10.6 °C | +6.0 °C | 0 mm | -12 mm |
| Dec | -0.6 °C | +2.1 °C | 14 mm | +1 mm |
The year's extremes
What was the weather like that day?
Your birthday, a wedding, a memorable trip: discover the actual weather for any date since 1940.
Frequently asked questions
What is the climate of Baikonur?
Baikonur has a cold desert climate (Köppen BWk). Over 1940-2025, the average annual temperature is 9.9 °C and it receives 123 mm of precipitation per year.
What is the hottest day ever recorded in Baikonur?
The hottest day measured in Baikonur between 1940 and 2025 was 23 June 1941, reaching 44.8 °C.
What is the coldest day in Baikonur?
The coldest day measured in Baikonur between 1940 and 2025 was 11 February 1969, at -39.5 °C.
Does it snow in Baikonur?
Yes. Baikonur gets on average 24.8 cm of snow per year and has around 140 frost days.
Has the climate of Baikonur warmed?
Yes: Baikonur warmed by +1.8 °C between 1940 and 2025, a statistically significant trend.
What is the wettest day in Baikonur?
The wettest day measured in Baikonur between 1940 and 2025 was 25 May 1996, with 27 mm of rain in 24 hours.
What was the windiest day in Baikonur?
The windiest day measured in Baikonur between 1940 and 2025 was 9 March 1997, with winds reaching 69.3 km/h.
What is the warmest month in Baikonur?
The warmest month in Baikonur is July (28.3 °C on average); the coldest is January (-9.0 °C).
How much does it rain in Baikonur?
Baikonur receives on average 123 mm of precipitation per year, spread over about 32 rainy days.
Is it sunny in Baikonur?
Baikonur gets on average 9.8 hours of sunshine per day, roughly 3,577 hours per year over 1940-2025.
What is the biggest single-day snowfall in Baikonur?
The heaviest 24-hour snowfall measured in Baikonur between 1940 and 2025 was 27 December 2005, with 10.3 cm.
Are there tropical nights in Baikonur?
Yes: Baikonur has on average 50 tropical nights per year (temperature staying above 20 °C), over 1940-2025.
What was the most extreme apparent temperature in Baikonur?
In Baikonur, between 1940 and 2025, the highest apparent temperature reached 44.4 °C on 12 July 1984, and the lowest was -45.1 °C on 11 February 1969.
Compare Baikonur with another city
Pick a second city: its normals will be set against these, indicator by indicator.
Nearby cities
The climate around Baikonur