St Andrews climate — normals and trends
St Andrews (United Kingdom) has a temperate oceanic climate (Cfb) under the Köppen-Geiger classification. Its mean annual temperature is 9.2 °C and it receives 724 mm of precipitation per year.
These figures are normals computed over 86 complete calendar years, from 1940 to 2025, using ERA5 reanalysis data from the Copernicus programme.
The warmest month is July (14.8 °C on average) and the coldest is January (4.5 °C). Rainfall peaks in October.
St Andrews averages 17 frost days, 0 hot days (≥ 30 °C) and 144 rainy days per year.
St Andrews has warmed by +1.5 °C between 1940 and 2025, or +0.17 °C per decade. This trend is statistically significant.
The number of frost days there went from about 28 to 6 per year over the period.
The hottest day of the period reached 26.8 °C (on 19 July 2022) and the coldest -10.6 °C (on 10 January 1982).
Data from ERA5 reanalysis (Copernicus Climate Change Service), redistributed under a CC-BY 4.0 licence. Normals are recomputed whenever the archive is updated.
Climate normals · ERA5
St AndrewsScotland
- coords
- 56.34°, -2.80°
- period
- 1940–2025 · 86 yrs
Mean daily temperature
9.2°C
Average daily high
11.4°C
Average daily low
7.1°C
Annual rainfall
724mm
Sunshine / day
7.9h
Mean relative humidity
80%
Average peak wind
25.7km/h
Seasonal range
10.3°C
Frost days (< 0 °C)
17 d/yr
Hot days (≥ 30 °C)
0 d/yr
Rainy days (≥ 1 mm)
144 d/yr
Annual snowfall
17.3 cm
Average feels-like high
8.0 °C
Average feels-like low
3.2 °C
Average peak gust
43.3 km/h
Tropical nights (≥ 20 °C)
0 d/yr
Solar radiation
9.7 MJ/m²
Has the climate changed?
One stripe per year, 1940 to 2025
+1.5 °C
since 1940
+0.2 °C per decade · r² = 0.47 · p = < 0.001
Trend fitted by linear regression (ordinary least squares) on annual means. A trend is shown only when it is statistically significant (p < 0.05).
A climograph overlays rainfall (bars) and temperature (line): the standard reading in climatology, where you can see at a glance whether the warm season is also the dry one.
Records for the period
Hottest day
26.8 °C
19 July 2022
Coldest day
-10.6 °C
10 January 1982
Wettest day
53 mm
7 October 2023
Windiest day
73.0 km/h
15 January 1968
Strongest gust
142.2 km/h
28 January 2002
Hottest feels-like
28.3 °C
19 July 2022
Coldest feels-like
-16.5 °C
1 March 1947
Snowiest day
13.0 cm
8 February 1958
Sunniest day
17.0 h
21 June 2018
Normals computed over complete calendar years 1940–2025.
A specific year
Pick a year and see how it compares to normal — warmer, drier or more extreme than usual?
Across the whole year
Month by month
| High | vs. normal | Precipitation | vs. normal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 6.4 °C | +0.2 °C | 47 mm | -16 mm |
| Feb | 7.8 °C | +1.3 °C | 41 mm | -9 mm |
| Mar | 10.3 °C | +2.3 °C | 22 mm | -31 mm |
| Apr | 12.2 °C | +2.2 °C | 22 mm | -25 mm |
| May | 15.2 °C | +2.7 °C | 39 mm | -15 mm |
| Jun | 17.4 °C | +2.1 °C | 52 mm | -1 mm |
| Jul | 19.1 °C | +1.9 °C | 69 mm | +4 mm |
| Aug | 19.1 °C | +1.9 °C | 43 mm | -25 mm |
| Sep | 16.4 °C | +1.0 °C | 60 mm | -3 mm |
| Oct | 13.4 °C | +0.9 °C | 95 mm | +21 mm |
| Nov | 10.1 °C | +1.1 °C | 129 mm | +60 mm |
| Dec | 9.1 °C | +2.0 °C | 88 mm | +22 mm |
The year's extremes
What was the weather like that day?
Your birthday, a wedding, a memorable trip: discover the actual weather for any date since 1940.
Frequently asked questions
What is the climate of St Andrews?
St Andrews has a temperate oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb). Over 1940-2025, the average annual temperature is 9.2 °C and it receives 724 mm of precipitation per year.
What is the hottest day ever recorded in St Andrews?
The hottest day measured in St Andrews between 1940 and 2025 was 19 July 2022, reaching 26.8 °C.
What is the coldest day in St Andrews?
The coldest day measured in St Andrews between 1940 and 2025 was 10 January 1982, at -10.6 °C.
Does it snow in St Andrews?
Yes. St Andrews gets on average 17.3 cm of snow per year and has around 17 frost days.
Has the climate of St Andrews warmed?
Yes: St Andrews warmed by +1.5 °C between 1940 and 2025, a statistically significant trend.
What is the wettest day in St Andrews?
The wettest day measured in St Andrews between 1940 and 2025 was 7 October 2023, with 53 mm of rain in 24 hours.
What was the windiest day in St Andrews?
The windiest day measured in St Andrews between 1940 and 2025 was 15 January 1968, with winds reaching 73.0 km/h.
What is the warmest month in St Andrews?
The warmest month in St Andrews is July (14.8 °C on average); the coldest is January (4.5 °C).
How much does it rain in St Andrews?
St Andrews receives on average 724 mm of precipitation per year, spread over about 144 rainy days.
Is it sunny in St Andrews?
St Andrews gets on average 7.9 hours of sunshine per day, roughly 2,884 hours per year over 1940-2025.
What is the biggest single-day snowfall in St Andrews?
The heaviest 24-hour snowfall measured in St Andrews between 1940 and 2025 was 8 February 1958, with 13.0 cm.
Are there tropical nights in St Andrews?
Almost never: tropical nights (temperature staying above 20 °C) are virtually non-existent in St Andrews.
What was the most extreme apparent temperature in St Andrews?
In St Andrews, between 1940 and 2025, the highest apparent temperature reached 28.3 °C on 19 July 2022, and the lowest was -16.5 °C on 1 March 1947.
Compare St Andrews with another city
Pick a second city: its normals will be set against these, indicator by indicator.
Nearby cities
The climate around St Andrews