Columbia climate — normals and trends
Columbia (United States) has a hot-summer humid continental climate (Dfa) under the Köppen-Geiger classification. Its mean annual temperature is 12.6 °C and it receives 998 mm of precipitation per year.
These figures are normals computed over 86 complete calendar years, from 1940 to 2025, using ERA5 reanalysis data from the Copernicus programme.
The warmest month is July (25.6 °C on average) and the coldest is January (-1.7 °C). Rainfall peaks in May.
Columbia averages 93 frost days, 59 hot days (≥ 30 °C) and 110 rainy days per year.
Columbia has warmed by +1.5 °C between 1940 and 2025, or +0.17 °C per decade. This trend is statistically significant.
The number of frost days there went from about 105 to 81 per year over the period.
The hottest day of the period reached 43.0 °C (on 14 July 1954) and the coldest -29.1 °C (on 23 December 1989).
Data from ERA5 reanalysis (Copernicus Climate Change Service), redistributed under a CC-BY 4.0 licence. Normals are recomputed whenever the archive is updated.
Climate normals · ERA5
ColumbiaMissouri
- coords
- 38.95°, -92.33°
- period
- 1940–2025 · 86 yrs
Mean daily temperature
12.6°C
Average daily high
17.9°C
Average daily low
7.9°C
Annual rainfall
998mm
Sunshine / day
9.0h
Mean relative humidity
68%
Average peak wind
16.2km/h
Seasonal range
27.3°C
Frost days (< 0 °C)
93 d/yr
Hot days (≥ 30 °C)
59 d/yr
Rainy days (≥ 1 mm)
110 d/yr
Annual snowfall
45.7 cm
Average feels-like high
16.7 °C
Average feels-like low
5.7 °C
Average peak gust
36.7 km/h
Tropical nights (≥ 20 °C)
53 d/yr
Solar radiation
15.6 MJ/m²
Has the climate changed?
One stripe per year, 1940 to 2025
+1.5 °C
since 1940
+0.2 °C per decade · r² = 0.25 · p = < 0.001
Trend fitted by linear regression (ordinary least squares) on annual means. A trend is shown only when it is statistically significant (p < 0.05).
A climograph overlays rainfall (bars) and temperature (line): the standard reading in climatology, where you can see at a glance whether the warm season is also the dry one.
Records for the period
Hottest day
43.0 °C
14 July 1954
Coldest day
-29.1 °C
23 December 1989
Wettest day
95 mm
23 April 1975
Windiest day
46.7 km/h
27 March 1991
Strongest gust
104.8 km/h
27 March 1991
Hottest feels-like
44.5 °C
2 August 2011
Coldest feels-like
-34.4 °C
22 December 1989
Snowiest day
27.1 cm
1 February 2011
Sunniest day
14.3 h
29 June 1940
Normals computed over complete calendar years 1940–2025.
A specific year
Pick a year and see how it compares to normal — warmer, drier or more extreme than usual?
Across the whole year
Month by month
| High | vs. normal | Precipitation | vs. normal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 1.3 °C | -1.7 °C | 40 mm | -10 mm |
| Feb | 4.7 °C | -1.2 °C | 21 mm | -35 mm |
| Mar | 17.7 °C | +6.0 °C | 92 mm | +0 mm |
| Apr | 19.4 °C | +1.1 °C | 139 mm | +22 mm |
| May | 23.0 °C | -0.4 °C | 59 mm | -65 mm |
| Jun | 29.0 °C | +0.4 °C | 163 mm | +57 mm |
| Jul | 31.8 °C | +0.7 °C | 112 mm | +31 mm |
| Aug | 30.0 °C | -0.3 °C | 30 mm | -49 mm |
| Sep | 28.6 °C | +2.5 °C | 59 mm | -22 mm |
| Oct | 22.2 °C | +2.5 °C | 63 mm | -18 mm |
| Nov | 13.3 °C | +1.7 °C | 65 mm | -7 mm |
| Dec | 7.4 °C | +2.1 °C | 25 mm | -33 mm |
The year's extremes
What was the weather like that day?
Your birthday, a wedding, a memorable trip: discover the actual weather for any date since 1940.
Frequently asked questions
What is the climate of Columbia?
Columbia has a hot-summer humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa). Over 1940-2025, the average annual temperature is 12.6 °C and it receives 998 mm of precipitation per year.
What is the hottest day ever recorded in Columbia?
The hottest day measured in Columbia between 1940 and 2025 was 14 July 1954, reaching 43.0 °C.
What is the coldest day in Columbia?
The coldest day measured in Columbia between 1940 and 2025 was 23 December 1989, at -29.1 °C.
Does it snow in Columbia?
Yes. Columbia gets on average 45.7 cm of snow per year and has around 93 frost days.
Has the climate of Columbia warmed?
Yes: Columbia warmed by +1.5 °C between 1940 and 2025, a statistically significant trend.
What is the wettest day in Columbia?
The wettest day measured in Columbia between 1940 and 2025 was 23 April 1975, with 95 mm of rain in 24 hours.
What was the windiest day in Columbia?
The windiest day measured in Columbia between 1940 and 2025 was 27 March 1991, with winds reaching 46.7 km/h.
What is the warmest month in Columbia?
The warmest month in Columbia is July (25.6 °C on average); the coldest is January (-1.7 °C).
How much does it rain in Columbia?
Columbia receives on average 998 mm of precipitation per year, spread over about 110 rainy days.
Is it sunny in Columbia?
Columbia gets on average 9.0 hours of sunshine per day, roughly 3,285 hours per year over 1940-2025.
What is the biggest single-day snowfall in Columbia?
The heaviest 24-hour snowfall measured in Columbia between 1940 and 2025 was 1 February 2011, with 27.1 cm.
Are there tropical nights in Columbia?
Yes: Columbia has on average 53 tropical nights per year (temperature staying above 20 °C), over 1940-2025.
What was the most extreme apparent temperature in Columbia?
In Columbia, between 1940 and 2025, the highest apparent temperature reached 44.5 °C on 2 August 2011, and the lowest was -34.4 °C on 22 December 1989.
Compare Columbia with another city
Pick a second city: its normals will be set against these, indicator by indicator.
Nearby cities
The climate around Columbia