Moscow climate — normals and trends
Moscow (United States) has a warm-summer mediterranean continental climate (Dsb) under the Köppen-Geiger classification. Its mean annual temperature is 9.2 °C and it receives 648 mm of precipitation per year.
These figures are normals computed over 86 complete calendar years, from 1940 to 2025, using ERA5 reanalysis data from the Copernicus programme.
The warmest month is July (21.5 °C on average) and the coldest is January (-1.8 °C). Rainfall peaks in December.
Moscow averages 106 frost days, 29 hot days (≥ 30 °C) and 117 rainy days per year.
Moscow has warmed by +2.2 °C between 1940 and 2025, or +0.26 °C per decade. This trend is statistically significant.
The number of frost days there went from about 124 to 88 per year over the period.
The hottest day of the period reached 42.5 °C (on 4 August 1961) and the coldest -30.7 °C (on 30 December 1968).
Data from ERA5 reanalysis (Copernicus Climate Change Service), redistributed under a CC-BY 4.0 licence. Normals are recomputed whenever the archive is updated.
Climate normals · ERA5
MoscowIdaho
- coords
- 46.73°, -117.00°
- period
- 1940–2025 · 86 yrs
Mean daily temperature
9.2°C
Average daily high
14.1°C
Average daily low
4.3°C
Annual rainfall
648mm
Sunshine / day
9.6h
Mean relative humidity
64%
Average peak wind
14.4km/h
Seasonal range
23.3°C
Frost days (< 0 °C)
106 d/yr
Hot days (≥ 30 °C)
29 d/yr
Rainy days (≥ 1 mm)
117 d/yr
Annual snowfall
114.9 cm
Average feels-like high
11.6 °C
Average feels-like low
1.1 °C
Average peak gust
32.4 km/h
Tropical nights (≥ 20 °C)
2 d/yr
Solar radiation
15.4 MJ/m²
Has the climate changed?
One stripe per year, 1940 to 2025
+2.2 °C
since 1940
+0.3 °C per decade · r² = 0.47 · p = < 0.001
Trend fitted by linear regression (ordinary least squares) on annual means. A trend is shown only when it is statistically significant (p < 0.05).
A climograph overlays rainfall (bars) and temperature (line): the standard reading in climatology, where you can see at a glance whether the warm season is also the dry one.
Records for the period
Hottest day
42.5 °C
4 August 1961
Coldest day
-30.7 °C
30 December 1968
Wettest day
44 mm
24 November 1964
Windiest day
49.6 km/h
17 December 2025
Strongest gust
116.6 km/h
17 December 2025
Hottest feels-like
43.2 °C
29 June 2021
Coldest feels-like
-35.8 °C
30 December 1968
Snowiest day
16.0 cm
20 January 1943
Sunniest day
15.7 h
20 June 1940
Normals computed over complete calendar years 1940–2025.
A specific year
Pick a year and see how it compares to normal — warmer, drier or more extreme than usual?
Across the whole year
Month by month
| High | vs. normal | Precipitation | vs. normal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 2.7 °C | +1.7 °C | 49 mm | -36 mm |
| Feb | 1.7 °C | -2.5 °C | 94 mm | +27 mm |
| Mar | 11.5 °C | +2.8 °C | 92 mm | +22 mm |
| Apr | 15.5 °C | +2.0 °C | 26 mm | -31 mm |
| May | 20.0 °C | +1.7 °C | 31 mm | -22 mm |
| Jun | 25.1 °C | +2.8 °C | 5 mm | -32 mm |
| Jul | 30.1 °C | +1.8 °C | 2 mm | -10 mm |
| Aug | 29.6 °C | +1.8 °C | 20 mm | +5 mm |
| Sep | 26.8 °C | +4.2 °C | 21 mm | -6 mm |
| Oct | 14.7 °C | -0.2 °C | 53 mm | +0 mm |
| Nov | 8.7 °C | +2.5 °C | 71 mm | -14 mm |
| Dec | 6.7 °C | +5.0 °C | 179 mm | +90 mm |
The year's extremes
What was the weather like that day?
Your birthday, a wedding, a memorable trip: discover the actual weather for any date since 1940.
Frequently asked questions
What is the climate of Moscow?
Moscow has a warm-summer mediterranean continental climate (Köppen Dsb). Over 1940-2025, the average annual temperature is 9.2 °C and it receives 648 mm of precipitation per year.
What is the hottest day ever recorded in Moscow?
The hottest day measured in Moscow between 1940 and 2025 was 4 August 1961, reaching 42.5 °C.
What is the coldest day in Moscow?
The coldest day measured in Moscow between 1940 and 2025 was 30 December 1968, at -30.7 °C.
Does it snow in Moscow?
Yes. Moscow gets on average 114.9 cm of snow per year and has around 106 frost days.
Has the climate of Moscow warmed?
Yes: Moscow warmed by +2.2 °C between 1940 and 2025, a statistically significant trend.
What is the wettest day in Moscow?
The wettest day measured in Moscow between 1940 and 2025 was 24 November 1964, with 44 mm of rain in 24 hours.
What was the windiest day in Moscow?
The windiest day measured in Moscow between 1940 and 2025 was 17 December 2025, with winds reaching 49.6 km/h.
What is the warmest month in Moscow?
The warmest month in Moscow is July (21.5 °C on average); the coldest is January (-1.8 °C).
How much does it rain in Moscow?
Moscow receives on average 648 mm of precipitation per year, spread over about 117 rainy days.
Is it sunny in Moscow?
Moscow gets on average 9.6 hours of sunshine per day, roughly 3,504 hours per year over 1940-2025.
What is the biggest single-day snowfall in Moscow?
The heaviest 24-hour snowfall measured in Moscow between 1940 and 2025 was 20 January 1943, with 16.0 cm.
Are there tropical nights in Moscow?
Yes: Moscow has on average 2 tropical nights per year (temperature staying above 20 °C), over 1940-2025.
What was the most extreme apparent temperature in Moscow?
In Moscow, between 1940 and 2025, the highest apparent temperature reached 43.2 °C on 29 June 2021, and the lowest was -35.8 °C on 30 December 1968.
Compare Moscow with another city
Pick a second city: its normals will be set against these, indicator by indicator.
Nearby cities
The climate around Moscow