Rotterdam climate — normals and trends
Rotterdam (United States) has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb) under the Köppen-Geiger classification. Its mean annual temperature is 8.6 °C and it receives 1,192 mm of precipitation per year.
These figures are normals computed over 86 complete calendar years, from 1940 to 2025, using ERA5 reanalysis data from the Copernicus programme.
The warmest month is July (21.5 °C on average) and the coldest is January (-5.1 °C). Rainfall peaks in July.
Rotterdam averages 130 frost days, 13 hot days (≥ 30 °C) and 135 rainy days per year.
Rotterdam has warmed by +2.0 °C between 1940 and 2025, or +0.24 °C per decade. This trend is statistically significant.
The number of frost days there went from about 142 to 118 per year over the period.
The hottest day of the period reached 36.1 °C (on 18 July 1953) and the coldest -31.4 °C (on 13 February 1967).
Data from ERA5 reanalysis (Copernicus Climate Change Service), redistributed under a CC-BY 4.0 licence. Normals are recomputed whenever the archive is updated.
Climate normals · ERA5
RotterdamNew York
- coords
- 42.79°, -73.97°
- period
- 1940–2025 · 86 yrs
Mean daily temperature
8.6°C
Average daily high
13.5°C
Average daily low
3.9°C
Annual rainfall
1,192mm
Sunshine / day
8.6h
Mean relative humidity
71%
Average peak wind
15.2km/h
Seasonal range
26.6°C
Frost days (< 0 °C)
130 d/yr
Hot days (≥ 30 °C)
13 d/yr
Rainy days (≥ 1 mm)
135 d/yr
Annual snowfall
134.8 cm
Average feels-like high
11.6 °C
Average feels-like low
1.1 °C
Average peak gust
37.5 km/h
Tropical nights (≥ 20 °C)
9 d/yr
Solar radiation
13.8 MJ/m²
Has the climate changed?
One stripe per year, 1940 to 2025
+2.0 °C
since 1940
+0.2 °C per decade · r² = 0.46 · p = < 0.001
Trend fitted by linear regression (ordinary least squares) on annual means. A trend is shown only when it is statistically significant (p < 0.05).
A climograph overlays rainfall (bars) and temperature (line): the standard reading in climatology, where you can see at a glance whether the warm season is also the dry one.
Records for the period
Hottest day
36.1 °C
18 July 1953
Coldest day
-31.4 °C
13 February 1967
Wettest day
127 mm
16 September 1999
Windiest day
47.6 km/h
25 February 2019
Strongest gust
124.6 km/h
25 November 1950
Hottest feels-like
41.5 °C
14 August 1947
Coldest feels-like
-36.1 °C
13 February 1967
Snowiest day
40.6 cm
14 February 2007
Sunniest day
14.6 h
19 June 2022
Normals computed over complete calendar years 1940–2025.
A specific year
Pick a year and see how it compares to normal — warmer, drier or more extreme than usual?
Across the whole year
Month by month
| High | vs. normal | Precipitation | vs. normal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | -1.1 °C | -0.1 °C | 41 mm | -36 mm |
| Feb | 0.3 °C | -0.3 °C | 87 mm | +14 mm |
| Mar | 10.0 °C | +4.2 °C | 58 mm | -38 mm |
| Apr | 14.8 °C | +1.6 °C | 113 mm | +8 mm |
| May | 18.8 °C | -0.8 °C | 235 mm | +120 mm |
| Jun | 25.5 °C | +1.3 °C | 118 mm | +3 mm |
| Jul | 29.4 °C | +2.6 °C | 94 mm | -21 mm |
| Aug | 26.3 °C | +0.6 °C | 54 mm | -53 mm |
| Sep | 23.9 °C | +2.3 °C | 98 mm | -5 mm |
| Oct | 16.4 °C | +1.1 °C | 153 mm | +53 mm |
| Nov | 7.2 °C | -0.9 °C | 67 mm | -28 mm |
| Dec | 0.3 °C | -1.2 °C | 77 mm | -14 mm |
The year's extremes
What was the weather like that day?
Your birthday, a wedding, a memorable trip: discover the actual weather for any date since 1940.
Frequently asked questions
What is the climate of Rotterdam?
Rotterdam has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb). Over 1940-2025, the average annual temperature is 8.6 °C and it receives 1,192 mm of precipitation per year.
What is the hottest day ever recorded in Rotterdam?
The hottest day measured in Rotterdam between 1940 and 2025 was 18 July 1953, reaching 36.1 °C.
What is the coldest day in Rotterdam?
The coldest day measured in Rotterdam between 1940 and 2025 was 13 February 1967, at -31.4 °C.
Does it snow in Rotterdam?
Yes. Rotterdam gets on average 134.8 cm of snow per year and has around 130 frost days.
Has the climate of Rotterdam warmed?
Yes: Rotterdam warmed by +2.0 °C between 1940 and 2025, a statistically significant trend.
What is the wettest day in Rotterdam?
The wettest day measured in Rotterdam between 1940 and 2025 was 16 September 1999, with 127 mm of rain in 24 hours.
What was the windiest day in Rotterdam?
The windiest day measured in Rotterdam between 1940 and 2025 was 25 February 2019, with winds reaching 47.6 km/h.
What is the warmest month in Rotterdam?
The warmest month in Rotterdam is July (21.5 °C on average); the coldest is January (-5.1 °C).
How much does it rain in Rotterdam?
Rotterdam receives on average 1,192 mm of precipitation per year, spread over about 135 rainy days.
Is it sunny in Rotterdam?
Rotterdam gets on average 8.6 hours of sunshine per day, roughly 3,139 hours per year over 1940-2025.
What is the biggest single-day snowfall in Rotterdam?
The heaviest 24-hour snowfall measured in Rotterdam between 1940 and 2025 was 14 February 2007, with 40.6 cm.
Are there tropical nights in Rotterdam?
Yes: Rotterdam has on average 9 tropical nights per year (temperature staying above 20 °C), over 1940-2025.
What was the most extreme apparent temperature in Rotterdam?
In Rotterdam, between 1940 and 2025, the highest apparent temperature reached 41.5 °C on 14 August 1947, and the lowest was -36.1 °C on 13 February 1967.
Compare Rotterdam with another city
Pick a second city: its normals will be set against these, indicator by indicator.
Nearby cities
The climate around Rotterdam