Elena climate — normals and trends
Elena (Bulgaria) has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb) under the Köppen-Geiger classification. Its mean annual temperature is 10.6 °C and it receives 794 mm of precipitation per year.
These figures are normals computed over 86 complete calendar years, from 1940 to 2025, using ERA5 reanalysis data from the Copernicus programme.
The warmest month is July (21.2 °C on average) and the coldest is January (-1.0 °C). Rainfall peaks in May.
Elena averages 85 frost days, 13 hot days (≥ 30 °C) and 121 rainy days per year.
Elena has warmed by +1.9 °C between 1940 and 2025, or +0.22 °C per decade. This trend is statistically significant.
The number of frost days there went from about 100 to 70 per year over the period.
The hottest day of the period reached 39.4 °C (on 5 July 2000) and the coldest -26.1 °C (on 11 January 1940).
Data from ERA5 reanalysis (Copernicus Climate Change Service), redistributed under a CC-BY 4.0 licence. Normals are recomputed whenever the archive is updated.
Climate normals · ERA5
ElenaVeliko Tarnovo
- coords
- 42.93°, 25.88°
- period
- 1940–2025 · 86 yrs
Mean daily temperature
10.6°C
Average daily high
15.1°C
Average daily low
6.5°C
Annual rainfall
794mm
Sunshine / day
9.2h
Mean relative humidity
76%
Average peak wind
12.3km/h
Seasonal range
22.2°C
Frost days (< 0 °C)
85 d/yr
Hot days (≥ 30 °C)
13 d/yr
Rainy days (≥ 1 mm)
121 d/yr
Annual snowfall
98.8 cm
Average feels-like high
13.8 °C
Average feels-like low
4.5 °C
Average peak gust
31.5 km/h
Tropical nights (≥ 20 °C)
3 d/yr
Solar radiation
14.2 MJ/m²
Has the climate changed?
One stripe per year, 1940 to 2025
+1.9 °C
since 1940
+0.2 °C per decade · r² = 0.41 · p = < 0.001
Trend fitted by linear regression (ordinary least squares) on annual means. A trend is shown only when it is statistically significant (p < 0.05).
A climograph overlays rainfall (bars) and temperature (line): the standard reading in climatology, where you can see at a glance whether the warm season is also the dry one.
Records for the period
Hottest day
39.4 °C
5 July 2000
Coldest day
-26.1 °C
11 January 1940
Wettest day
64 mm
20 August 1949
Windiest day
39.7 km/h
5 June 2001
Strongest gust
108.7 km/h
1 January 1971
Hottest feels-like
41.6 °C
5 July 2000
Coldest feels-like
-31.4 °C
11 January 1940
Snowiest day
28.0 cm
19 December 1949
Sunniest day
14.9 h
23 June 1940
Normals computed over complete calendar years 1940–2025.
A specific year
Pick a year and see how it compares to normal — warmer, drier or more extreme than usual?
Across the whole year
Month by month
| High | vs. normal | Precipitation | vs. normal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 8.2 °C | +5.6 °C | 19 mm | -37 mm |
| Feb | 2.6 °C | -2.4 °C | 36 mm | -17 mm |
| Mar | 14.7 °C | +5.6 °C | 38 mm | -23 mm |
| Apr | 14.9 °C | -0.1 °C | 56 mm | -21 mm |
| May | 19.1 °C | -0.8 °C | 118 mm | +18 mm |
| Jun | 27.9 °C | +4.1 °C | 33 mm | -63 mm |
| Jul | 31.4 °C | +5.2 °C | 56 mm | -19 mm |
| Aug | 29.0 °C | +2.4 °C | 49 mm | -4 mm |
| Sep | 24.5 °C | +2.1 °C | 24 mm | -25 mm |
| Oct | 14.9 °C | -1.4 °C | 187 mm | +135 mm |
| Nov | 13.3 °C | +3.3 °C | 87 mm | +26 mm |
| Dec | 6.4 °C | +1.9 °C | 36 mm | -28 mm |
The year's extremes
What was the weather like that day?
Your birthday, a wedding, a memorable trip: discover the actual weather for any date since 1940.
Frequently asked questions
What is the climate of Elena?
Elena has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb). Over 1940-2025, the average annual temperature is 10.6 °C and it receives 794 mm of precipitation per year.
What is the hottest day ever recorded in Elena?
The hottest day measured in Elena between 1940 and 2025 was 5 July 2000, reaching 39.4 °C.
What is the coldest day in Elena?
The coldest day measured in Elena between 1940 and 2025 was 11 January 1940, at -26.1 °C.
Does it snow in Elena?
Yes. Elena gets on average 98.8 cm of snow per year and has around 85 frost days.
Has the climate of Elena warmed?
Yes: Elena warmed by +1.9 °C between 1940 and 2025, a statistically significant trend.
What is the wettest day in Elena?
The wettest day measured in Elena between 1940 and 2025 was 20 August 1949, with 64 mm of rain in 24 hours.
What was the windiest day in Elena?
The windiest day measured in Elena between 1940 and 2025 was 5 June 2001, with winds reaching 39.7 km/h.
What is the warmest month in Elena?
The warmest month in Elena is July (21.2 °C on average); the coldest is January (-1.0 °C).
How much does it rain in Elena?
Elena receives on average 794 mm of precipitation per year, spread over about 121 rainy days.
Is it sunny in Elena?
Elena gets on average 9.2 hours of sunshine per day, roughly 3,358 hours per year over 1940-2025.
What is the biggest single-day snowfall in Elena?
The heaviest 24-hour snowfall measured in Elena between 1940 and 2025 was 19 December 1949, with 28.0 cm.
Are there tropical nights in Elena?
Yes: Elena has on average 3 tropical nights per year (temperature staying above 20 °C), over 1940-2025.
What was the most extreme apparent temperature in Elena?
In Elena, between 1940 and 2025, the highest apparent temperature reached 41.6 °C on 5 July 2000, and the lowest was -31.4 °C on 11 January 1940.
Compare Elena with another city
Pick a second city: its normals will be set against these, indicator by indicator.
Nearby cities
The climate around Elena