Dublin or Milan: which climate?
Dublin (Ireland) has a temperate oceanic climate, whereas Milan (Italy) has a humid subtropical climate, according to the Köppen-Geiger classification.
The values compared here are normals computed over 86 complete calendar years, from 1940 to 2025, using ERA5 reanalysis data from the Copernicus programme. The same method and the same period apply to Dublin and to Milan.
Milan is warmer than Dublin by 3.7 °C in annual average: 13.2 °C against 9.5 °C.
Milan gets more rain than Dublin: 1,146 mm per year against 829 mm.
Milan gets 9.3 hours of sunshine per day on average, against 7.8 hours in Dublin.
Milan has warmed by +3.2 °C between 1940 and 2025, against +0.8 °C in Dublin. Milan is therefore warming faster than Dublin. Both trends are statistically significant.
Dublin averages 0 hot days (≥ 30 °C) and 17 frost days per year; Milan averages 28 and 46.
Data from ERA5 reanalysis (Copernicus Climate Change Service), redistributed under a CC-BY 4.0 licence. Normals are recomputed whenever the archive is updated.
| Indicator | Dublin | Milan | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean daily temperature | 9.5 °C | 13.2 °C | +3.7 °C |
| Average daily high | 12.1 °C | 17.6 °C | +5.5 °C |
| Average daily low | 7.0 °C | 9.3 °C | +2.3 °C |
| Annual rainfall | 829 mm | 1,146 mm | +317 mm |
| Sunshine / day | 7.8 h | 9.3 h | +1.5 h |
| Hot days (≥ 30 °C) | 0 d/yr | 28 d/yr | +28 d/yr |
| Frost days (< 0 °C) | 17 d/yr | 46 d/yr | +29 d/yr |
| Rainy days (≥ 1 mm) | 159 d/yr | 115 d/yr | -44 d/yr |
| Mean relative humidity | 83 % | 73 % | -10 % |
| Average peak wind | 22.5 km/h | 9.9 km/h | -12.6 km/h |
A difference is only reported when it exceeds the resolution of the data. ERA5 is a reanalysis on a grid of about 31 km: two nearby cities often fall in the same cell, and below half a degree you are reading the grid, not the climate.