Esfarāyen climate — normals and trends
Esfarāyen (Iran) has a cold desert climate (BWk) under the Köppen-Geiger classification. Its mean annual temperature is 12.5 °C and it receives 191 mm of precipitation per year.
These figures are normals computed over 86 complete calendar years, from 1940 to 2025, using ERA5 reanalysis data from the Copernicus programme.
The warmest month is July (25.4 °C on average) and the coldest is January (-0.8 °C). Rainfall peaks in March.
Esfarāyen averages 95 frost days, 67 hot days (≥ 30 °C) and 45 rainy days per year.
Esfarāyen has warmed by +2.4 °C between 1940 and 2025, or +0.28 °C per decade. This trend is statistically significant.
The number of frost days there went from about 112 to 78 per year over the period.
The hottest day of the period reached 39.2 °C (on 7 July 2021) and the coldest -21.2 °C (on 6 February 1984).
Data from ERA5 reanalysis (Copernicus Climate Change Service), redistributed under a CC-BY 4.0 licence. Normals are recomputed whenever the archive is updated.
Climate normals · ERA5
EsfarāyenNorth Khorasan
- coords
- 37.08°, 57.51°
- period
- 1940–2025 · 86 yrs
Mean daily temperature
12.5°C
Average daily high
18.3°C
Average daily low
7.1°C
Annual rainfall
191mm
Sunshine / day
10.9h
Mean relative humidity
50%
Average peak wind
11.8km/h
Seasonal range
26.2°C
Frost days (< 0 °C)
95 d/yr
Hot days (≥ 30 °C)
67 d/yr
Rainy days (≥ 1 mm)
45 d/yr
Annual snowfall
36.5 cm
Average feels-like high
16.1 °C
Average feels-like low
4.2 °C
Average peak gust
29.3 km/h
Tropical nights (≥ 20 °C)
16 d/yr
Solar radiation
19.2 MJ/m²
Has the climate changed?
One stripe per year, 1940 to 2025
+2.4 °C
since 1940
+0.3 °C per decade · r² = 0.38 · p = < 0.001
Trend fitted by linear regression (ordinary least squares) on annual means. A trend is shown only when it is statistically significant (p < 0.05).
A climograph overlays rainfall (bars) and temperature (line): the standard reading in climatology, where you can see at a glance whether the warm season is also the dry one.
Records for the period
Hottest day
39.2 °C
7 July 2021
Coldest day
-21.2 °C
6 February 1984
Wettest day
33 mm
18 March 2019
Windiest day
39.8 km/h
25 March 2000
Strongest gust
92.2 km/h
30 March 1998
Hottest feels-like
40.2 °C
16 July 1995
Coldest feels-like
-26.2 °C
6 February 1984
Snowiest day
14.9 cm
25 February 1978
Sunniest day
14.0 h
22 May 1940
Normals computed over complete calendar years 1940–2025.
A specific year
Pick a year and see how it compares to normal — warmer, drier or more extreme than usual?
Across the whole year
Month by month
| High | vs. normal | Precipitation | vs. normal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 7.1 °C | +3.6 °C | 4 mm | -21 mm |
| Feb | 5.5 °C | +0.1 °C | 21 mm | -7 mm |
| Mar | 14.0 °C | +3.2 °C | 28 mm | -11 mm |
| Apr | 23.3 °C | +5.2 °C | 13 mm | -17 mm |
| May | 28.9 °C | +4.6 °C | 2 mm | -17 mm |
| Jun | 30.3 °C | +0.7 °C | 6 mm | +0 mm |
| Jul | 34.0 °C | +2.0 °C | 1 mm | -2 mm |
| Aug | 32.8 °C | +2.0 °C | 1 mm | -1 mm |
| Sep | 28.6 °C | +1.6 °C | 0 mm | -2 mm |
| Oct | 23.5 °C | +3.6 °C | 0 mm | -7 mm |
| Nov | 16.0 °C | +4.0 °C | 0 mm | -13 mm |
| Dec | 6.7 °C | +0.8 °C | 37 mm | +19 mm |
The year's extremes
What was the weather like that day?
Your birthday, a wedding, a memorable trip: discover the actual weather for any date since 1940.
Frequently asked questions
What is the climate of Esfarāyen?
Esfarāyen has a cold desert climate (Köppen BWk). Over 1940-2025, the average annual temperature is 12.5 °C and it receives 191 mm of precipitation per year.
What is the hottest day ever recorded in Esfarāyen?
The hottest day measured in Esfarāyen between 1940 and 2025 was 7 July 2021, reaching 39.2 °C.
What is the coldest day in Esfarāyen?
The coldest day measured in Esfarāyen between 1940 and 2025 was 6 February 1984, at -21.2 °C.
Does it snow in Esfarāyen?
Yes. Esfarāyen gets on average 36.5 cm of snow per year and has around 95 frost days.
Has the climate of Esfarāyen warmed?
Yes: Esfarāyen warmed by +2.4 °C between 1940 and 2025, a statistically significant trend.
What is the wettest day in Esfarāyen?
The wettest day measured in Esfarāyen between 1940 and 2025 was 18 March 2019, with 33 mm of rain in 24 hours.
What was the windiest day in Esfarāyen?
The windiest day measured in Esfarāyen between 1940 and 2025 was 25 March 2000, with winds reaching 39.8 km/h.
What is the warmest month in Esfarāyen?
The warmest month in Esfarāyen is July (25.4 °C on average); the coldest is January (-0.8 °C).
How much does it rain in Esfarāyen?
Esfarāyen receives on average 191 mm of precipitation per year, spread over about 45 rainy days.
Is it sunny in Esfarāyen?
Esfarāyen gets on average 10.9 hours of sunshine per day, roughly 3,979 hours per year over 1940-2025.
What is the biggest single-day snowfall in Esfarāyen?
The heaviest 24-hour snowfall measured in Esfarāyen between 1940 and 2025 was 25 February 1978, with 14.9 cm.
Are there tropical nights in Esfarāyen?
Yes: Esfarāyen has on average 16 tropical nights per year (temperature staying above 20 °C), over 1940-2025.
What was the most extreme apparent temperature in Esfarāyen?
In Esfarāyen, between 1940 and 2025, the highest apparent temperature reached 40.2 °C on 16 July 1995, and the lowest was -26.2 °C on 6 February 1984.
Compare Esfarāyen with another city
Pick a second city: its normals will be set against these, indicator by indicator.
Nearby cities
The climate around Esfarāyen